Basics Of Heat Energy: Heat Generation And Heating Equipment

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Introduction:

One of the main functions of a building is providing suitable shelter and maintaining a comfortable, suitable and livable internal temperature.. To accomplish this aim, a human has to be able to release a well-defined amount of Heat [1]. If this gets difficult, a person will either feel cold or hot. One of the internal operations in The human body is the chemical reactor the conversion of the chemical energy of food and respiratory oxygen into mechanical power and heat. Heat output can vary from about 100 W for a sedentary person to 1000 W for an exercising person [2].

In order to keep the body temperature under control, the energy heat produced by an occupant must be released to the indoor environment. If a high amount of heat energy is lost, the room temperature should be increased or extra clothes should be worn. There are some factors that influence thermal comforts such as the heat transfer on the human skin, the inside temperature and the heat transfer through the building envelope [3].

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For the construction design for the building, we considered a large portion of all energy consumed is spent on heating and cooling. Air leakage and too little or improperly-installed insulation account for a large portion of this. To reduce the amount of energy consumed we take into consideration A good thermal boundary, which includes insulation, windows, and doors, this also can increase an occupant’s comfort and can be an environmental friend.

This essay will discuss the basics of heat energy, including:

  • Heat generation
  • Heating energy
  • Heating equipment
  • Heat distribution
  • Transfer of heat

Heat energy

Heat energy, in general, it is the conversion of energy forms such as electrical energy, chemical energy or nuclear energy into thermal energy or in other words to heat energy inside the body, and during this process of conversion the temperature of the body increases.

The rate of the heat energy, in general, can be calculated as e_gen = E/V (in W/m^3)

E: represents the total heat generated in Watt, V denotes the volume of the solid (body ). [4].

Heat generation

The energy has more than for, one of them is the heat, the heat energy in the building can be generated from more than source such as combustion in general and for example burning the fuel into the boiler will turn the chemical energy into heat, sunshine, supply of electricity and fuel used for heating and other purposes such as cooking.

Building as a closed system followed the law of conservation of energy that states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed, so as in general the energy inside the system is conserved and in the long term the average energy content is constant and the temperature level of the building depends on the balance of heat transfer and the energy flows through the volume of the building.

Heating equipment

In most houses heating can be the largest energy expense, choosing the effective Heating system can not only reduce the cost of the pills but also can be more environmentally friendly and help with reducing the pollution in the world.

Heating equipment’s or systems can vary from a region to another, and can be affected by some factors such as the area of the building whether it is in a cold or hot area, the size of the building and how the efficiency of the insulation and the existence of the air .]5[

The most common heating systems are :

  • Furnaces: this type of system of heating are used in most of the South American households, this system furnaces or in other words ducted warm-air or forced warm-air can be electricity, natural gas, or fuel oil . The mechanism of the oil or the gas furnaces is that when the fuel is merged with the air a metal heat exchanger is being heated and the heat is moved to the air, a furnace fan pushed the air through the heat exchanger.
  • Boilers: this heating system belongs to the water heater systems as being hydronic systems, this kind of systems transfer the heat through the water while the furnaces used the warm air, boilers in the household are usually used for fuel the sources of natural gas or heating oil, the boiler uses the pump to distribute hot water through pipes to radiators.
  • Heat Pumps: or in other words two-way air conditioners, this kind of system can be used not only as a heating system but can be used also as a cooling system in the summer , in the summer, the air conditioner works by transferring the heat from the relatively low temperatures inside the building to the relatively warmer outside, while In winter, the heat pump does the other side, moving the heat from the lower temperatures outside using an electrical system and get rid of that heat inside the house. Also, there are other types of heating systems but these types are direct heat systems for example:
  • Gas-Fired Space Heaters: this heater used natural gas or propane, and some of them burn kerosene, they are common to use in heating a single room in a building where the difference in temperatures between the rooms is acceptable.
  • Unvented Gas-Fired Heaters: These heaters used Gas or kerosene and do not have a waste vent, they are considered high efficiency but also have bad effects on the health and safety aspects . This kind has to be used next to window open for suitable fresh air, some countries prohibited using them because of the Possible deathly health accidents that may occur.
  • Electric Space Heaters: this kind of heaters has low price but it can cost a fortune in the long term, as they consumed a large level of electricity, they convert the electrical power from the socket directly into heat and on the other hand they are considered to be environmentally friendly and safe.
  • Wood-Burning and Pellet Stoves: this system is considered to be less expensive than gas, oil, or electricity, also this system can offer more convenience and control the temperature and provide a good air quality inside the building and can be less polluting.
  • Fireplaces: this type of heating can be considered as a part of decoration for the interior design, not high effective unless a tight-sealing glass door is installed.

References:

  1. http://thermopedia.com/content/603/
  2. ASHRAE (1993) ASHRAE Handbook, 1993 Fundamentals, SI Edition; one of four volumes published periodically by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
  3. Mayer, E. (1991) Ãœberprüfung einer neuen BewertunsgrÃsse für Luftbewegungen in Räumen, Bericht 3/1/34/91 der Forschungsvereingung für Luft- und Trocknungstechnik, Frankfurt.
  4. https://www.quora.com/What-is-heat-generation-in-solids
  5. https://smarterhouse.org/home-systems-energy/heating-systems

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