Essays on Biology

Abstract Exogenous genes can be introduced in plants by genetic transformation techniques. However, an efficient tissue culture system with high rates of plant recovery is necessary for gene introduction. This work aimed to define organogenesis and plant regeneration protocol for sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv Mosambi) which can be used in plant transformation. Testa...

1. Introduction In the last few years to reduce abortions serious efforts are being made by preparing new legislation by the government and which made abortion to be extended or included in “Personhood” legislation, which means Human life starts with fertilization of embryo. On a national level, there are different proposals advanced in different states,...

Protein plays an essential part in ensuring our body can grow, maintain/repair cells, metabolism, digestion, transport of nutrients/oxygen in the blood and produces antibodies used to fight against infections. Proteins also allows us to build and produce new cells, maintain tissue and synthesize new proteins which enable us to complete basic activities. The best sources...

1. Introduction It is now generally accepted that life originated between 3.5 and 4 billion years ago in the aquatic environment, initially as self-replicating molecules. The subsequent evolution of prokaryotes, followed by eukaryotes, led to the existence of microorganisms which are highly adapted to aquatic systems. Life in the aquatic environment (freshwater and marine) has...

Photosynthesis is a process that uses sunlight as energy in plants, bacteria, etc. It is a natural process to maintain clean fuels and renewable energy. Photosynthesis is important because most organisms rely on the cells to create molecules. Although the cells are different, they produce carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make glucose...

Stem cells are known as the foundation of all cells in our bodies. During fetal development, stem cells are the cells that kick start the creation of the embryo forming into a fetus by differentiation into various specific cells. These cells are just as important in adults, however, they are limited in the types of...

Abstract: Will lower salt concentration prove to be optimal for the enzyme Turnip Peroxidase, resulting in darker shades of brown and quicker reaction rates? The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect that salt concentration has on the enzymatic activity of Turnip Peroxidase [5]. The procedure was carried out by first preparing a...

Introduction Definition of stem cells Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be found in the human anatomy and are capable to differentiate into many various forms of different cells which serve various functions in different sections of the human anatomy. It is not necessary that the stem cell must be differentiated into another cell...

Cellular Respiration CO2 Lab 1 Introduction Do we breathe out more oxygen when we relax or when we are working out? I believe we breathe out more oxygen when we are working out than when we are relaxed. When we breathe out oxygen we breathe out carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide comes from the food...

Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pcc) is a bacterial pathogen known to cause soft rot in potatoes. As a staple crop, widespread Pcc infection in potatoes can be extremely devastating. Although there are many methods of avoiding soft rot, most preventative measures are only partially successful. Additionally, Pcc has a broad host range worldwide which is why biocontrol...