What are Proteins? How does the Structure of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quarternary Differ? The series of monomers used to assemble proteins from peptide bonds are amino acids, which consist of an alpha carbon atom, carboxyl group, and hydrogen atom (Mrgscience, n.d.). In contrast, given there are four different levels of structure in a protein,...
There are 2 basic kinds of cells that make up all living things, primitive Prokaryotes, (Fig.1) and advanced Eukaryotes. (Fig.2). All bacteria and bacteria-like Archaea are prokaryotic, these are single-celled organisms that reproduce through binary fission, duplicating their genetic material. These cells lack certain features compared to the eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotes don’t have a real...
In 1859 Charles Darwin discovered the theory known today as Natural Selection. His discovery explained how overtime species have had to change and adapt in order to better suit their living environments and stay alive whilst having a high reproduction rate. In some cases, the adaptation of species has been known to create new living...
The cell membrane is known to be the cell gate and door. It is an important biological structure that plays an important role in different biological processes such as protection, filtration, transport. Biological membranes are said to be a lipid bilayer(due t the presence of two layers of lipids with hydrophobic and hydrophilic tails ),...
Mitosis is a period of cell division in the cell cycle, which takes place when new cells are needed for growth or to replace damaged tissue.1 This process of mitosis consists of 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. These individual stages of mitosis can be observed by looking at allium root tips under a...
