Birmingham: Health Formative Assessment

A Health formative assessment essay, which will include a created geographical profile, target population, identifying and justifying health needs in the chosen target population, and prioritising one of the requirements. Also, there will be a reference to community-centred approaches, explaining health promotion approach and identifying and justifying specific stakeholders. Lastly, there will be a reference for identifying and justifying in delivering community-centred approach initiatives.

Geographical Profile

Therefore this part of the assignment will be about creating a geographical profile summary of Sandwell. This profile will include the different groups of people that make up the population which provides for, age, gender, ethnicity and the number of people who resides there. Also, it will focus on the health status of the people in the community which includes the health needs, lifestyle choices, birth rates, mortality rates, levels of deprivation, and wider determinants of health.

Population Characteristics

Sandwell has a population of approximately 316,720 (Public Health England, 2018). And the females are more than the males, with 165,037 females and 162,341 males (Public Health England, 2018a). It gets explained that Sandwell has one of the most younger population in some places in England, most notably in West Birmingham, showing that 20% approximately is 5-19 years old (Sandwell JSNA for children and young people, 2017). By 2016 there will be an increase of young people that age by 15.3% (Sandwell JSNA for children and young people, 2017a). Also, up to 74% of the people are 45 years old, while the older population who are aged 65 and over are lower than the average in England (Public Health England, 2018b).

Sandwell is a diverse community with a multi-racial group, ethnic and most cultural, with a 50% of white contrast to 86% for West Midlands and 87% for England (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019a). The black and ethnic minority (BME) community is 12% of Asian Indian, 8% Asian Pakistani and 6% Black/Caribbean (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019b). With a totality of 46 dialects and languages from various parts of the world including Africa, Asia and Europe, they are showing that Sandwell has more whites than any other race (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019c).

Factors impacting health

Furthermore, deprivation gets decided as poor health, and it gets connected to a high level of morbidity and early death (PNA Report Sandwell, 2018). Sandwell’s majority gets classified as the poorest in England, where 60% of the community are living in places that are classified as 20% most disadvantaged areas in England (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019c). It is known as the 12th most disadvantaged local community in England, out of 317 in terms of its deprivation score (English Indices of deprivation, 2019). It gets explained that in 2013, 26.9% of children who lives in Sandwell were in low-income families, in contrast to the 20.7% for the west midlands, and 18% for England (HM Revenue & custom 2014).

Moreover, 6% of families do not speak English properly or not at all (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019c). The educational achievement in Sandwell is the lowest in the West Midlands and England average. Where 1 in 4 adults has acquired NVQ 4 or above, and GCSE achievement is low in England proportion (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019d). It gets registered that in 2016 up to 4% of full-term babies have a low birth weight in Sandwell, in contrast to the England average of 2.79% (Public Health England, 2018c). Also, the breastfeeding rate at 6-8 weeks after birth is getting worse as off 2018/2019, where up to 40.5% of mothers in Sandwell partially breastfed their infants, compared to the England average of 46.2% (Public health England, 2018d).

Health Status

Sandwell has a lot of ill-health and early deaths than most places in west midlands (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019e). The standard life expectancy age that women and men get anticipated to live is lesser than England Average, where men in Sandwell on average lives up to 76.8 years and in England 76.2. In comparison, women live on an average of 81.7 years and in England 83 years (Public Health England, 2018e). Also, both genders usually live up to 57.4 years without being disabled, this is 5 to 6 years less to the national average, and it is the bottom 5% of CCGs nationally (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019f).

Furthermore, Sandwell has a 6.7 live births per 1,000 compare to West Birmingham, which is 8.6 live birth per 1,000, and England, which is 4.0 live births per 1,000 (Public Health England, 2018f). It got also specified that the death rates of infants per 1,000 under one year after birth is very high compared to the average in England (2012 -14 data).

The (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019h) explained that 2 in 5 children in year six gets classified as obese or overweight, which is inferior to West Midlands and England with a 1 in 3 average, and obesity is still increasing. Obesity can lead to adverse health, and 1 in 10 adults are registered as obese as well by the GPs. This amount has the probability of being more in real life with an evaluation of 27% of obese population, where adults and children do not get engaged in physical activities than the average in England (NHS Sandwell and West Birmingham CCG, 2019).

Moreover, The mortality rate from coronary heart disease in Sandwell in the year 2014/2016 was at 62.3 per 100,000 people, and it got classified the highest at age standard in west midlands area (Public Health England, 2018g). Also, in Sandwell, the mortality rate from alcoholic liver disease was rated the highest in west midlands with a rate of 18.4 per 100,000 people (Public Health England, 2018h). Illnesses such as diabetes which is at a high of 9% in adults who gets diagnosed in Sandwell contrast to 6% in England (Public Health England, 2018i).

Furthermore, according to the approximated rate of mental health disorder in children and young people of 5-16 years old, Sandwell was the highest in west midlands in 2015 with an approximated amount of 10.7% (Public Health England, 2018j).

In conclusion, Sandwell has a reasonably diverse community with 50% and the other half with different ethnic groups. And it is mainly dominated by a young population. Their majority gets classified as the poorest in England (English Indices of deprivation, 2019), and on an average women lives longer than men (Public Health England, 2018e). There are inequalities within Sandwell, and their children mental health rate is highest in England.

Identify Target Population

Sandwell has a population of 316,720 (Public Health England, 2018a), where 20% approximately is 5-19 years old (Sandwell JSNA for children and young people, 2017), and children age 14 years and younger are up to the amount of 70,057 (Public Health England, 2018b). Also, 74% of the people are 45 years old, and the oldest is aged 65 and over (Public Health England, 2018c). Therefore the target population that stood out more in the geographical profile is children who are at their childhood stage of life from aged 9-11, this got chosen to be a target population because deprivation in Sandwell is affecting children. Up to 25.5%, approximately 18,425 of children lives in low-income families (Public Health England, 2019). Children in Sandwell age 5-19 have gotten predicted to increase by 2026 with 15.3%, becoming 70,546 individuals (Sandwell JSNA for children and young people, 2017).

According to (Public Health England and the NHS outcomes Framework 2015/16), putting the focus on the health of children is very vital, and there should be a strive to give children the best start in life. A national drive that has been put in place to help the health of children is that to reduce inequalities and reduce health outcomes for children across England is to give them the best start in life and the basis of good health into adulthood (Public Health England, 2019). Sandwell board has decided to involve children, and young people in the decision to reduce health inequalities and a local drive put to tackle health inequality is that they want individuals to live independent and fulfilling lives (JSNA Sandwell, 2016-2020).

(Marmot, 2010) Recommended that a focus on prevention and early intervention has a very crucial part in destroying the ring of health inequalities with families. The NHS long term plan involves the early intervention system that has gotten considered to reduce health inequalities which is The Healthy Child Programme (HCP) published in 2009 and is all about producing a prevention service universally for children and families (NHS England, 2019).

Reducing health inequalities is a priority and vision for Sandwell’s Health and Well-being Board, which is supported by ‘The Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust.’ (JSNA Sandwell, 2016-2020). Deprivation is involved in this priority, which shows that choosing children as a focus point target population is both a national and local priority.

Identify and Justify Three Health Needs

Children in school, especially at the age of 9-11, usually goes through stress emotionally significantly concerning their mental, social and physical health, and such stress comes with anxiety, bullying, and obesity.

Physical need – Obesity

Firstly, childhood obesity gets acknowledged as a very consequential provocation in public health through the 21st century (World Health Organisation 2017). Where nationally up to 26.3% obese children in year six are living in disadvantage places in England, a contrast to the 11.4% who lives in the less disadvantaged areas (Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council 2018a). Which puts Sandwell’s children at risk of being obese because the community gets named as one of England’s most deprived areas. (Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council 2018b).

The National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) most recent report (academic year 2016/2017) described that Sandwell’s amount of children with obesity is still increasing. In the year (2016/2017) 27.8% of children in year six age (10-11) were reported as being obese, which made the percentage of obese children increase with 1.7% from the total of 26.1% in previous years of (2015/2016), and 20.0% in the national average for children in year 6.

Furthermore, there has been a national drive stating that an applied reliable system will be put in place to increase the cap on calories per portion for drinks and food that is sold by the out-of-home food and drink section (DHSC 2018, PHE 2018). According to the annual report by the director of medical (Professor Dame Sally Davies, 2019), the overall costs spent by the NHS on obesity has gotten approximated to £6 billion per year (5% of its budget), and this total cost includes collision of diseases and obesity treatment. Illnesses associated with obesity include dementia, most cancers, heart disease, and diabetes putting more prices to social care (NHS, 2019).