Carl Jung: Personality Theory And Archetypes

Introduction

Carl Gustav Jung (/jʊŋ/ YUUNG,[4][5] German: [kaʁl ˈjʊŋ]; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was once a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who centred analytical psychology. Jung’s work used to be influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, and spiritual studies. Jung laboured as a lookup scientist at the well-known Burghölzli hospital, underneath Eugen Bleuler. During this time, he got here to the interest of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. The two guys carried out a prolonged correspondence and collaborated, for a while, on a joint imaginative and prescient of human psychology Freud noticed the youthful Jung as the inheritor he had been searching for to take ahead his “new science” of psychoanalysis and to this stop secured his appointment as President of his newly centred International Psychoanalytical Association. Jung’s lookup and non-public vision, however, made it not possible for him to bend to his older colleague’s doctrine, and a schism grew to be inevitable. This division used to be for my part painful for Jung, and it used to be to have historical repercussions lasting properly into the current day.

Among the central standards of analytical psychology is individuation—the lifelong psychological procedure of differentiation of the self out of each individual’s mindful and unconscious elements. Jung viewed it to be the essential project of human development. He created some of the first-class regarded psychological concepts, which include synchronicity, archetypal phenomena, the collective unconscious, the psychological complex, and extraversion and introversion.

Jung was once additionally an artist, craftsman and builder as nicely as a prolific writer. Many of his works had been no longer posted till after his dying and some are nonetheless watching for publication.

Personality Theory

In his idea of personality, Carl Jung distinguishes two exceptional mindset types: Introverts, which are these humans who get hold of stimulation from within, and extroverts, which are these who acquire their stimulation from the environment.

Introverts are normally greater withdrawn, whilst extroverts are typically greater sociable. For example, Donna is an extrovert. She loves to go out on adventures with plenty of human beings and see thrilling new things. Her buddy David, though, is the opposite. Given the choice, he’d instead study a e book on his couch than go skydiving with Donna. David is an introvert.

Jung additionally separates introverts and extroverts into 4 subtypes in accordance to the features that manage the way they pick out the world. Both introverts and extroverts can be any of these subtypes, so there are eight viable character types. These 4 features are:

1. Thinking: Applying reasoning to the conditions and environments you encounter. For example, David likes to assume matters via and think about all the execs and cons earlier than he makes a selection about anything.
2. Feeling: Applying subjective, non-public evaluation to the conditions and environments you encounter. Unlike David, Donna depends on her emotions to inform her how to make a decision. If some thing feels good, she goes for it; if it doesn’t, she avoids it.
3. Sensation: Applying aesthetic fee to the conditions and environments you encounter. For example, when finding out how to prepare his residing room, David tries to make matters very symmetrical. If there’s a chair on one facet of the room, he has to put the identical chair on the different facet of the room to stability it. This symmetry makes the room seem to be nice.
4. Intuition: Using your unconscious or the mystical to recognize your experiences. For example, Donna thinks David is arranging his furnishings all wrong. She thinks he have to use Feng shui, an historical Chinese philosophy, to select where to put his furniture.

Jung Personality Types theory

Jung first delivered his character concept in his e book ‘Psychological Types’. He used 4 psychological functions: wondering and feeling (rational functions) and sensation and instinct (irrational functions). In addition, he differentiates between to integral existence attitudes: introversion and extraversion. According to Carl Jung, each and every man or woman has a dominant lifestyles mind-set and a main feature that characterises him/her as a positive character type.

Eight intellectual features in attitude:

After Jung got here up with 4 dimensions for character types, Jung located that Perceiving and Judging feature had been usually used hand-in-hand with attitudes of Extraversion and Introversion.

Rest of the 4 features (Sensing, intuition, Thinking, and Feeling) mix with two attitudes (Extraversion and Introversion) to shape eight intellectual Functions-in-Attitude. These eight intellectual features had been known as his Eight Types through Jung. These eight intellectual functions-in-attitude are the features that we use to adapt to the world, and these features are the core of Jung’s principle of psychological types.

“Strictly speaking, there are no Introverts and Extraverts pure and simple, however solely Introverted and Extraverted function-types.” – Carl Gustav Jung

• Extraverted Sensing: Refers to gathering sensory experiences and factual statistics from the goal world.
• Introverted Sensing: Refers to storing factual historic statistics and gathering sensory experiences from the subjective world.
• Extraverted Intuition: Refers to possibilities, patterns and meanings in the goal world.
• Introverted Intuition: Refers to means, patterns, symbols and perception in the subjective world, which is obtained unconsciously.
• Extraverted Thinking: Refers to utility of logical order via shape building, choice making and company in the goal world.
• Introverted Thinking: Refers to searching for appreciation thru logical concepts in the subjective world.
• Extraverted Feeling: Refers to constructing and searching for concord and alignment with others thru overtly expressed values in the goal world.
• Introverted Feeling: Refers to in search of concord and alignment of non-public conduct with deeply felt values and contrast of such phenomenon with appreciate to these values.

The Psyche

Jung referred to the complete character as the psyche. Psychic energy, like bodily energy, is an abstraction representing some thing actual that can’t be touched or felt however that we recognize exists thru its effects. Psychic strength manifests itself in our a number of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours.

The Collective Unconscious

Jung described two stages of the unconscious mind. Beneath our aware focus is the private unconscious, which consists of memories, impulses, wishes, faint perceptions, and different experiences in a person’s existence that have been suppressed or forgotten. This degree of unconsciousness is no longer very deep. Incidents from the private unconscious can without problems be recalled to mindful awareness. The experiences in the private unconscious are grouped into complexes, which are patterns of thoughts and recollections with frequent themes.

At a degree beneath the non-public unconscious is the collective unconscious, unknown to the individual. It includes the cumulated experiences of preceding generations, together with our animal ancestors. These universal, evolutionary experiences structure the foundation of personality.

Archetypes

Inherited dispositions referred to as archetypes inside the collective unconscious are innate determinants of intellectual lifestyles that dispose a character to behave no longer in contrast to ancestors who confronted comparable situations. We generally journey archetypes in the shape of feelings related with tremendous existence occasions such as birth, adolescence, marriage, and dying or with reactions to intense danger. Jung referred to archetypes as the “gods” of the unconscious.

The archetypes that manifest most regularly are the persona, the anima and animus, the shadow, and the self

1. PERSONA: The persona is the masks every of us wears when we come in contact with different people; the masks represents us as we prefer to show up to society. As such, the persona might also no longer correspond to an individual’s authentic personality.
2. ANIMA- ANIMUS: The anima and animus archetypes replicate the thought that every man or woman well-knownshows some of the traits of the different sex. The “anima” refers to female traits in man; the “animus” denotes masculine traits in woman.
3. SHADOW: The shadow archetype, is the animalistic phase of personality. Jung regarded it to be inherited from decrease varieties of life. The shadow consists of immoral, passionate, and unacceptable wishes and activities. The shadow urges us to do matters we in general would no longer enable ourselves to do.
4. SELF: Integrating and balancing all components of the unconscious, the self affords the character with cohesion and stability. Jung likened it to a power towards self-actualization, with the aid of which he supposed harmony, completeness, and the full improvement of our abilities.

Two different archetypes, the super mom and the sensible historical man, are derivatives of the anima and animus.

GREAT MOTHER: two Everyone, man or woman, possesses a wonderful mom archetype. This pre-existing idea of mom is continually related with each fantastic and terrible feelings. The amazing mother, therefore, represents two opposing forces—fertility and nourishment on the one hand and strength and destruction on the other. She is succesful of producing and sustaining existence (fertility and nourishment), however she may also also devour or overlook her offspring (destruction).

WISE OLD MAN: The clever historical man archetype is the shrewd however misleading voice of amassed experience.

Conclusion

Carl Jung centred analytic psychology. He separated himself from Freud’s views on psychology and created a couple of theories about the subconscious, collective unconscious, the quest for wholeness, and persona types. He observed the archetypes of personality; the inherent messages in all cultures all round the world which are fashions of people, behaviours, or personalities. Carl Jung is one of the most complicated and influential psychological thinkers. His ideas on the human sense of right and wrong and possible spark controversy and debate even today.

“Whether or no longer he would have desired it this way, Jung who viewed himself as a scientist is these days remembered extra as a counter-cultural icon, a proponent of spirituality outdoor faith and the closing champion of dreamers and seekers everywhere, which has earned him each posthumous appreciate and posthumous ridicule. Jung’s thoughts laid the basis for the extensively used Myers-Briggs persona check and influenced the introduction of Alcoholics Anonymous. His central tenets, the existence of a collective unconscious and the energy of archetypes have seeped into the large area of New Age wondering whilst closing greater at the fringes of mainstream psychology.” Two ―New York Times

Reference

1. McLeod, S. A. (2018, May 21). Carl Jung. Simply psychology: https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-jung.html
2. Edward F. Edinger, Ego and archetype. Shambhala- 1992
3. Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness. Karnac Books, Jul 16, 2012