Design Of Traffic Flow Management System Using Wireless Sensor Network

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Abstract—

In this paper, a Traffic flow management system using a wireless sensor network is designed for efficiently using the traffic lights. Vehicular traffic is continuously increasing around the world especially in urban areas. In order to resolve we present an adaptive traffic flow management system using a wireless sensor network (WSN). Existing methods for traffic management are not adequately efficient in terms of performance, cost, and maintenance. In this system design it mainly focuses on multiple intersections. The system design mainly consists of four prototypes. The Wireless sensor network, The Intersection control agents, The Actuators-Traffic lights, The Environment-Vehicles. Here wireless sensors collect the vehicle information and these sensors sends the information to the ICA, ICA sends a control signals to the traffic lights. We test our model by sumo simulator. Sumo simulator is a network protocol simulation software. This paper concludes with future highlights and useful remarks.

Keywords: WSN (wireless sensor), sumo simulator, ICA(Intersection Control Agent)

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I. Introduction

Nowadays, vehicles have increasing throughout the world especially in large urban areas. The need arises for recreate and best system for the traffic controllers in order to decrease the vehicle congestion in urban areas. Traffic lights are used to determine carriageway intersection traffic. Many techniques are used such as aboveground sensors like video image processing, ultrasonic and microwave radar for traffic management but these techniques are not so adequate in terms of maintenance, cost and performance. And some non-intrusive sensors with inductive loop detectors, micro-loops probes which is of high installation and maintenance cost. In order to overcome these problems many studies suggested the use of WSN technology. WSN which is of more efficient when compared to existing methods in terms of cost, performance and also environmental pollution. This design is capable of counting the total number of vehicles entering into a junction on real time basis. Based on counting, the programmable logic controller will trigger traffic lights.

Motivation

Traffic management has since quite a while ago existed in some frame, from the beginning of railroad flagging or movement lights on city lanes, yet the improvement and execution of modern coordinated applications in light of intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has developed apace lately, because of effective research and technological advances. This has been pushed by acknowledgement of the need to oversee transport organizes all the more adequately keeping in mind the end goal to boost the utilization of existing framework, give a solid support of the end client and increment security, while lessening negative natural impacts. To manage the traffic in the road, we are doing very good job manually which means one or more traffic police are appointed there to serve the people from the congestion in the road. But,it is difficult to monitor and manage. That’s why, the new concept traffic control management system using wireless sensor network is adopted.

II. literature surveys

The continuous increase in the congestion level on roads and is becoming a major problem for transportation especially during rush hours in urban areas. This becoming a concern to transportation specialists and decision-makers. The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of the cost and performance also maintenance and support. Many techniques have been used including inductive loop, RFID (Radio-frequency identification), Microwave radar, Magnetic, and Ultrasonic. However, these systems have a high equipment cost and their accuracy depends on the environmental condition. Some intrusive sensors may cause disruption of traffic upon installation and repair, and may result in a high installation and maintenance cost.[1] The self-algorithm traffic light system is designed to minimize the waiting time at a certain traffic light junction for road users. By using the sensor-based controlling method, 2 different timing are preprogrammed in the controller and as changes is detected the controller will respond accordingly.[2] A WSN is used as a tool to instrument and control traffic signals roadways. The controller embodies traffic system communication algorithm (TSCA) and the traffic signals time manipulation algorithm (TSTMA). Both algorithms are able to provide the system with adaptive and efficient traffic estimation represented by the dynamic change in the traffic signals’ flow sequence and traffic variation.[3] Proposed approach was Dynamic traffic light control system based on WSNs and FUZZI logic controllers which reduces the vehicles waiting time but didn’t give more importance on emergency vehicles.[4]

III. Problem Statement

Over the years number of vehicles has increased exponentially but the bedrock capacities of roads and transportation system have not developed in an equivalent way to efficiently cope with the number of vehicles travelling on them due to this road jamming. The idea of traffic flow management system using wireless sensor networks is to control traffic lights via wireless sensor mechanism. These Wireless sensors are placed in the lanes that go in and out of the intersections. And these sensors collect the data like speed of the vehicles, number of vehicles and these data is communicated to the nearest control agent that determines the flow model of the intersection.

Objectives

This study focuses on the use of sensors a form of intelligent Traffic Flow detection which transmits collected information related to traffic flow directly to the control system. The emerging field of wireless sensor networks combines sensing, computation, and communication into a single tiny device.

  1. To reduce the waiting time and to maintain fairness among the other traffic lights.
  2. By utilizing the free road can optimize the traffic flow.
  3. To avoid congestion of vehicles.

IV. detailed description

A. WSN(wireless sensor network)

A wireless sensor network is a promising technology that offers a solution for the design and development a good deal of traffic control system applications. The network consists of sensors and nodes. The work of sensor node is to monitor traffic in an allocated different area, utilizing devices that can measure several traffic parameters like flow, density, volume, waiting time as well as pollution. The nodes collect the information from all nodes and direct the same to the base station.

Fig:1

B. SUMO simulator

In order to test our design, we have used one of the best Simulator called “Simulation of Urban Mobility” is an open source, highly portable, microscopic and continuous road traffic simulation package designed to handle large road networks.

V. System Design

SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT

Fig:2 Flow Chart of Traffic flow management control.

PROTOCOLS

Fig:3

A. Sensor Nodes To ICA

Sensor nodes count number of vehicles approaching the intersection. Every node monitor one lane. The message sent from sensor nodes to the intersection control agent includes number of vehicles, time duration of the collected data and lane number.

B. ICA To Sensor Nodes

After receiving information from all the nodes monitoring a specific intersection agent decides the best flow model(policy)for the vehicle flow.

C. ICA To ICA With Coordination

This is same as the previous one, except that the agents coordinate among themselves to achieve even better flow. The Intersection control depends not only on the analysis one agent but on the coordination of multiple agents.

Applications

Adopting this particular system would help in solving many problems that are faced on the lanes in day to day life.

  • Minimizing waiting time of the vehicles intern reducing travel time.
  • Less fuel consumption which reduces Environmental Pollution.
  • Saves the human life by avoiding accidents at intersection points.

VI. Conclusion

Our design Traffic flow management system using wireless sensor is built in order to minimize the waiting time of the road users using traffic light system at certain intersection.

Here wireless sensor plays a major role in this design. By using the wireless sensor-based controlling method, traffic light system will respond to the real time demands as changes are detected. Enhance the smoothness and increases the efficiency of the traffic flow especially during the peak hours in urban areas. Furthermore, the possibility of traffic congestion will be reducing.

Future Enhancement

Our proposed system fulfils all the criteria for measuring, controlling and avoiding the traffic. The procedure is gainful than the present system. Here the survey shows about the problem which arises at the metropolitan location throughout the globe caused by congestions along with the linked sources. Mostly, metropolitan location is most horrible with this situation. Congestions comprise a harmful effect on the monetary condition of a nation, on the surroundings and so the in general quality of life. The proposed method can be improved by using powerful communication network other than SUMO. This proposed model is used intelligent and plan for the future using transport scheduling tool which can best meet objectives such as, eliminating road accidents, minimizing emissions, improving accessibility and growing the economy of the all over the world.

References

  1. Kapileswar Nellore * and Gerhard P. Hancke Advanced Sensor Networks Research Group, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-61-859-5390; Fax: +27-12-362-5000 Academic Editor: Leonhard M. Reindl Received: 3 August 2015; Accepted: 16 November 2015; Published: 27 January 2016J.
  2. Self-Algorithm Traffic Light Controllers for Heavily Congested Urban Route S. K. SUBRAMANIAM 1, M. ESRO 2 and F. L. AW 3 1 Lecturer, Department of Industrial Electronics Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering 2 Senior lecturer, Department of Industrial Electronics Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering 3Grduate student, Department of Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka MALAYSIA
  3. Intelligent Traffic Light Flow Control System Using Wireless Sensors Networks
  4. KHALIL M. YOUSEF, JAMAL N. AL-KARAKI1 AND ALI M. SHATNAWI Department of Computer Engineering Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110, Jordan E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 1Department of Computer Engineering The Hashemite University Zarka 13115, Jordan E-mail: [email protected]
  5. Collotta, M.; Bello, L.L.; Pau, G. A novel approach for dynamic traffic light management based on wireless sensor networks and multiple fuzzy logic controllers. Expert Syst. Appl. 2015, 42, 5403-5415.

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