Essays on Direct Effect EU Law

The case of Van Gend En Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen (1963) – (VGL); where the Van Gend Loos (German company) were faced with importing charges by the Dutch tax collector; with regards to EU law the Treaty of Rome had created a customs union and Article 12 EEG prohibited these duties, the question...

EU Law Part A Issue One Anna may be able to bring a claim against Watergate Prison if she can show that they have discriminated against her because of her sex/gender. First Anna would have to show that because of her sex/gender she doesn’t receive equal pay or equal treatment. Anna and John are both...

This essay will refer to the benefits and limitations of direct effect as a legal concept referring to the individuals’ ability to invoke their rights against the state, challenging incorrect implementation of directives and the detriment of only vertical direct effect being applicable. Moreover, directives are a form of secondary legislation which attempts to establish...

There are three main principles under EU law that may assist Gunilla in gaining access to ‘free language lessons’ for her daughter Malin in line with (Imaginary) Directive 2018/124. Those principles are as follows: direct effect, indirect effect and state liability, when taken in combination all seek to ensure “individuals are given the greatest possible...

When considering the implications which are affecting Jake and Luke, in must be take into account that both cases involve the application of direct effect and indirect effect and the involvement of state liability if necessary. The definition of Direct effect is referred to as a “principle of EU Law which holds community law directly...

Union Law is built upon several key legal principles, which can be relied upon by individuals to protect against breaches of their fundamental rights by a public body within the Union. In this essay I will discuss these principles and consider how effective they are in safeguarding rights of the individual. Consistent Interpretation Arguably the...

On the 17th of October 1972, the United Kingdom became part of the EU member states after the European Communities Act 1972 had received royal assent. This then resulted in the UK becoming part of the European Economic Communities which was created in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome. Some key provisions of this act...