Family Planning And Educating People To Manage Overpopulation

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Overpopulation is still one of the biggest concerns worldwide. As per the analysis of the UN department of economic and social affairs (2017) the world’s population has reached about 7.6 billion and expected to rise 9.9 billion by 2050. It is expected that in Asian and African countries the global population is expected to rise more than 75% (Singh,2016). The socio-economic and environmental effects that overpopulation is leaving globally due to technological advancements are irreversible. Although some regions are more populated than others such as in India. After China, India is the second-largest overpopulated nation with 1.2 billion people and expected to be around 1.8 billion in the next more years. It has severely affected the national economy leading to many serious issues such as poverty, environmental degradation, and unemployment. If some serious steps are not taken into consideration it can be led to the destruction of our resources (Pimental,2006). Some actions should be implemented immediately such as proper family planning, better sex education and increasing government incentives for less than 3 children per family. While acknowledging all the causes and impacts this essay will focus only on the environment and social factors leading to overpopulation along with the solutions that can be addressed to overcome the issue. This essay argues that to reduce socio-economic impacts such as poverty and lack of resources caused due to overpopulation a proper family planning and sex education can prove to be the effective outcome of the situation (Singh,2016).

Poverty is one of the main causes of overpopulation in India which further gives rise to many crucial factors such as child labor, illiteracy and lack of financial resources. No doubt there is a drastic increase in individuals every year but India’s economy is not growing at the same pace. Hence, resulting in more poor people. In India, many poor families produce more children not because they have no knowledge of contraceptives but because they consider it the helping hand to support them earning their livelihoods. Because of having more children, they are not able to provide them with proper education and unable to handle the basic expenses of the child they make small children work thus resulting in child labor and illiteracy. As illiterate people are not recognized as skilled in India they are often paid less by many sectors. Many unorganized sectors in India hire such people in low salaries for profits and cost cuttings. Since the ratio of individuals looking for jobs is higher than jobs available the people do not have any option but to work with less money thus giving rise to poverty. Here, the government should take serious steps and ensure that there should not be any child labor and the workers categorized as unskilled should be paid at least minimum wages to fulfill their basic requirements. The labor class workers should be identified by the hard work they put in their work and their rate should be fixed to meet them their basic amenities and daily household expenses. There should be strict legal laws introduced to the sectors that hire a child as labor and strict punishments should be imposed on them in case of any violations (Singh,1975).

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Limited resources are the second most effective cause of overpopulation resulted in environmental degradation includes land, air, and water through the uncontrolled rate of deforestation caused due to urbanization, intensive agricultural practices and pollution by human practices. According to world bank experts, between 1995-2010 India has made remarkable progress in terms of improved environmental problems but still, there is a lot more to come. Due to overpopulation, there is a misuse of natural resources resulting in a burden on earth’s capacity to produce more and more food and water. Nowadays many people are moving towards urban areas and to accommodate them many trees are cut to make flats and homes thus contributing towards deforestation due to which many air qualities have been degraded thus resulting in air pollution. As per the latest statistics in 2017, India ‘s population has grown by 1.13percent by the previous year which means more burden to land and food resources. Furthermore, if looking at land resources, to feed billions of people there are poor agricultural practices adopted these days. Many harmful pesticides are used for more fertile production which has given rise to deadly diseases and people are suffering from unhealthy lifestyles thus leaving long term livelihood impact on Indians. A study has shown that the world’s ecosystem has changed more drastically in the later 20th century than any other times thus reflecting our future. If some serious steps are not taken into consideration to handle these exploitations of our resources, humanity might see days of starvation and suffocating air as well (Baus,2017).

Family planning is one of the scientific facts and solutions of overpopulation by controlling birth rate and child limit which includes organizing campaigns and awareness programs along with government support providing incentives for small families. In-country like India with illiterate and tradition bond people It is not easy to make such a plan 100% successful but still, efforts can be initialized. It includes the welfare programs conducted in rural and urban areas which emphasis more on women’s health, childcare along birth control rate (Reeder,1974). By adopting a child limit of only 2 it can be controlled to a great extent. Many important considerations should be taken into practice including legal abortions for the people who do not want a child at a late stage of their pregnancy as this is illegal in India and abortions of the unwanted child to those who are childless. It is the step to change people’s attitudes towards the adoption of family planning. It is not only important for an individual but a national economy as well. With the planning of 2 children in every house, there will be less burden on resources and food. It further leads to a better lifestyle of individuals with better education and health care of the child. However, it will not only improve social lifestyle but will also result in rapid economic development thus raising per capita income. Hence affecting employment rates reducing unemployment and poverty. The government can play a vital role by making abortions legal and by introducing incentives for families having a child less than 3 which can attract people towards the policy (Srivastava, 1990).

To control overpopulation, education can prove to be a major step including sex education to younger children and educating adults for using preventions and contraceptives. Females should be specially taught of the effect’s pregnancy leave on health. In-country like India where people not often speak about sex, it could be difficult but not impossible. Many people think more hand means more earnings so they consider it good to have more children but they forget that it also put pressure on resources like more children mean more expenses that directly affect the expenses and resources level. Such people should be taught about all the consequences and effects overpopulation is leaving on nation’s economy. Firstly, there should be teaching of sex education to young children at early age of around 6-9 years in schools only. When a child learns about sex at a very initial stage, the more likely come to know about their effects and consequences. Secondly, educating young people those who are at age of reproductive stages about the child limit and all the preventive measures that can be used while sex such as condoms and contraceptives (Nag,1972). Females should be very well aware about the health issues they can face after pregnancy. Once the new generation will be aware of the benefits of having fewer children such as better social life due to less mouth to feed and more money for leisure activities, they will soon adopt the fewer child policies (Madhok,2004). Furthermore, government has crucial role to play by conducting free education programs especially in rural areas and making sex education a compulsory subject in schools.

To sum up, proper family planning and educating people at a very early age such as providing sex education in schools may prove to eliminate overpopulation problems up to some level. This essay is highlighting two social and environmental impacts caused by population including poverty and limited resources. A clear relationship has been described as how poverty is giving rise to child labor and illiteracy thus affecting the country’s economy. Furthermore, due to limited food resources, their exploitation is seen days which is greatly contributing to environmental degradation also causing pollution. It can prove to be the greatest amount humanity will have to pay in the future. No doubt government support is mandatory at all levels but we cannot win the race without each of our efforts at the individual level. Some efforts like adopting a one-child policy will greatly contribute toward reducing birth rate which can prove to be eliminating many social and economic burdens hence resulting in a happy and balanced nation.

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