Mental Retardation: Case Study

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Case No 1:

  • Name Umar
  • Father name: Ahmed
  • Religion Islam
  • Age 14
  • Sex Male
  • Family status low class
  • Address Faisalabad
  • Marital status Single

History:

Umar is a student; he is 14 years old. He belongs to a low class family. He is studying the special education school. From 5 years he is in this school. Among mentally retarded children we can place him in moderate category. During in depth interview we knew that his parents are too much cooperative with the school administration and always remain in touch with them. They remain in touch with the school administration through PTM (parent teacher meeting) and on phone calls also. In every parent teacher meeting they remain present which clearly shows their cooperating behavior with the school administration and also their care for the child. This school is for special children and many students are studying in this school. On the basis of mental retardation Umar got admitted in this school. According to the respondent he is on moderate stage of mental retardation. In day care center he get somehow special attention. According to the respondent the school timing is 5 hours, and also told that in their school they specified quota for mentally retarded children temporarily. They teach him how to sit how to stand, how to eat, how to talk, how to washroom and also different skills also, and for this they have both trained and untrained teachers. They used to teach all subject to the students to rehabilitate them. They arrange basic skill activities to rehabilitate such students. One question was asked about the role of parents in the process of rehabilitation, in the answer of this question she said that parents can play a very important role in rehabilitation of such children because the family is the first institution from which one can learn a lot thing. Due to his moderate level of mental retardation it becomes very difficult for the teachers to teach them. Because he can’t focus well on studies and other activities that are arranged for him. According to the respondent he needs very special care and special attention, because his condition is not so well.

Critical Analysis:

Umar is a student; he is 14 years old. He belongs to a low class family. He is studying the special education school. From 5 years he is in this school. As we all know that poverty is the root cause of all problems. Such institution should on governmental level that rehabilitate student like Umar free of cost, whose family status is no so good.

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Case No 2:

  • Name Athar Mehdi
  • Age 18
  • Sex Male
  • Family status High class

History:

Athar Mehdi is a student, he is 18 years old. He belongs to a high class family. He is studying the special education school. From 10 years he is in this school. Among mentally retarded children we can place him in mild category. During in depth interview we knew that his parents are too much cooperative with the school administration and always remain in touch with them. They remain in touch with the school administration through PTM (parents teacher meeting) and on phone calls also. In every parents teacher meeting they remain present which clearly shows their cooperating behavior with the school administration and also their care for the child. This school is for special children and many students are studying in this school. On the basis of mental retardation Athar Mehdi got admitted in this school. According to the respondent they allot a teacher for rehabilitation of such students, and they allot one teacher on 6 students and it is his/her responsibility that he will supervise the six student to rehabilitate. Their age criteria for children to get admission in this school are minimum 6 to 7 years old. During interview we also came to know that in day care Centre they get special attention. In this school the quota for mentally retarded children were 6 students per teacher. They have trained teachers for the rehabilitation of such children. They teach them social living skills and daily living skills. According to the respondent they have to face many difficulties while teaching such students because they behave abnormally and get attach with the specific one who they like. Except the specific one, everyone cannot control them. In their aggressive mood they become so rude and it takes 15 to 20 minutes to make them normal and in such situation they only listen and obey the specific one whom they are attached. They divide such students among two categories one is trainable and the other one is educable. And there are four stages of mental retardation, mild, moderate, profound and severe, mild and moderate are among educable and the profound are trainable students. And the severe is totally mental one. They arrange different activities for mild and moderate students to make them busy. different activities include counting numbers, writing Urdu alphabets and English alphabets, and they teach them how to treat with other students and also teach them norms and ethical values. According to the respondent these students can understand any situation, they can express their feelings and also can react according to the situation, in future they can avail opportunity, with a little effort we can make them normal for they need special attention, as the other normal ones they are also the part of our society, we should not neglect them rather we should consider their feelings and should work for their betterment.

Critical Analysis:

The respondent is suffering from mental retardation and is at the mild stage. There is less educational institution on government scale that are rehabilitating such students. There are institutions that are for special children that includes deaf, children have eye sight problems, children have ear problems and children having mental retardation etc. mean to say all the special children under one roof. In my point of view all are different cases so all should treat differently and they also should provide trained teachers according to their problems, in this way we can rehabilitate them more easily.

Case No 3:

  • Name: Muhammad Hassan
  • Age: 15
  • Sex: Male
  • Family status: Middle
  • History:

Muhammad Hassan is a student; he is 15 years old. He belongs to a middle class family. One year ago he got admitted in the school. his parents remain in touch with the school administration. To remain in touch with the school administration they use different methods like, phone calls, PTM (parent teacher meeting). He got admitted in this school because of mental retardation. According to the respondent he is on mild stage of mental retardation. In day care center he get somehow special attention. According to the respondent the school timing is 5 hours, and also told that in their school they specified quota for mentally retarded children temporarily. They teach him how to sit how to stand, how to eat, how to talk, how to washroom and also different skills also, and for this they have both trained and untrained teachers. One question was asked about the residence facility for such type of orphan children and her answer was no. if he misbehave because of aggression and anger mood, by using experience, find out his problem they make him cool down and try to recover him. The respondent also told us that the parents of such children who are educated are more cooperative than the one who are uneducated. Not every institution provides all facilities to such type of children like in past all children are used to taught equally under the same roof but now they made category of such type of children on the basis of mental retardation and teach/train then according to their need and this is a good step for them. According to the respondent if they do not categorize such children there are more chance to became hindered in the process of rehabilitation process. It takes about 30 to 60 minutes to cool down him from his aggressive mood and anger. According to the respondent they have no scale to measure the level of mental retardation. They used to teach all subject to the students to rehabilitate them. They arrange basic skill activities to rehabilitate such students. One question was asked about the role of parents in the process of rehabilitation, in the answer of this question she said that parents can play a very important role in rehabilitation of such children because the family is the first institution from which one can learn a lot thing. School time is very short than that of family, with family one spent the whole the day, because of that parents are more familiar with their habits, activities and can have more knowledge how to handle them. In suggestion she said that parents should remain keep in touch with the school administration for their rehabilitation.

Critical Analysis:

The respondent is suffering from mental retardation and is at the mild stage. He is studying the special education school. From 5 years he is in this school. by giving a quality time to them and teaching and training on regular basis we can make them as normal one. The negligence from the society and mental torture can make them more disable mentally.

Case No 4:

  • Name: A.R
  • Fathers Name: R.H
  • Age: 17
  • Gender: Female
  • Religion: Islam
  • Address: Faisalabad
  • Birth order: 2nd
  • Siblings: 4(3 sisters, 1 brother)
  • Marital Status: Unmarried
  • Education: FSC
  • Father Alive/Dead: Alive
  • Mother Alive/Dead: Alive

History:

The patient name is A.R and her father name is R.H she is 17 years old and complete her FSC from Superior college in Faisalabad. She is elder in her home and her father and mother are alive. A.R was very neat and clean and looking decent during interview. Her look was very decent and she knows the manners and values. She was some shy first but after sometime she became normal and react with very confidently and comfortably. She was normal and cooperative. She gives concentration on her work and study. Her believes was very positive about her future

The client studied in Faisalabad. She completed her school from Refulgent public high school. Then she done her FSc from Superior college Faisalabad.

From childhood she was friendly and like to make friends. She was some possessive about her personals and she have a control on her anger. Her parents are also possessive about her future that’s why they give time to her and also remain acknowledge about her study and academic performance. The respondent told us that they use different scale to measure her mental level that are following.

  • Human Figure Drawing (HFD).
  • Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM).
  • Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II Urdu Version)
  • Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
  • Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB).
  • Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

According to the BAI the patient score was 10 which show that she has mild anxiety. As early we knew that she knows the manner and values and have control on her anger that’s why the teachers cannot tech her easily without any difficulty. If we compare her with other normal children, we can see a minor difference. Students like A.R don’t take a lot of time to rehabilitate because she was somehow like normal students. The school administration arranged different subjects to teach them. And also different activities like drawing, reading and writing. In all type of cases parent can play a key role in rehabilitation. Being mentally retarded one can face an understanding problems but in her case the result is different because somehow she is as normal one. And hopefully in future she can avail opportunity in different sectors.

Critical analysis:

The students like A.R that are suffering from mental retardation can rehabilitate with a little effort, by giving a quality time to them and teaching and training on regular basis we can make them as normal one. The thing they need from us is special attention and special care. The negligence from the society and mental torture can make them more disable mentally.

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