Nationalism As Latin America’s Predominant Ideology

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Nationalism was Latin America’s predominant ideology as a result of social changes and fundamental economics. There were some influential mankind that helped for the worst or best throughout that era. Most countries of the area were divided into separate groups creating hierarchies. Latin America has been ruled by the army who use their armies to create strong states that oppressed their people. U.S. became the largest investor in the early 1900s and impacted the Depression in Latin America.

Benito Juarez was Mexico’s 26 president from 1858 to 1872 his background and upbringing was a poor rural and indigenous native of the state of Oaxaca in Mexico. Juarez is mainly known as a symbol of Mexican nationalism and specifically for his resistance to foreign intervention during the French invasion of Mexico during the times of Napoleon. Artworks were made of Benito Juarez to reflect the nationalist spirit. For example, Jose Escudero made Benito Juarez portrait in 1872, making him seem more polished and with a lighter complexion. Juarez had European features than his indigenous features. Another artist that did a portrait on Juarez was Jose Orosco in 1948 he painted Juarez with his indigenous features and is on top of all European politicians. Juarez seems more connected to his roots in Orozco’s painting than in Escudero’s witch shows how people viewed Benito Juarez.

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Political nationalism, the Great Depression triggered political changes in Latin America. People were losing faith in liberal governments. Due to all this they sought stringer, authoritarian governments. Jose Marti was a leader of a Cuban independence movement he was passionate about the growing revolutionary efforts to liberate Cuba from Spain. Martin was calling for an economic system based on trading with more than one nation because economic independence is essential to national sovereignty and freedom. In the article Jose Marti, excerpts, 1892 stated that, “The spirit of a government must be that of the country, The form of a government must come from the makeup of the country. Government is nothing but the balance of the natural elements of a country.” Marti rejected the idea of racial animosity because he says that all souls are equal regardless of color he didn’t discriminate he wanted everyone to work as a whole rather than be divided. In addition, he used his platform to encourage Cubans to fight for their freedom.

Economic nationalism affect Latin America when the Mexican Revolution was caused by turmoil between military leaders and wealthy landowners, and peasants had no say in government matters. An Early Statement of Economic Nationalism article says, ”They purchase our property; they take advantage of the credit extended by our banks. They seem to have future projects that would divide our country into spheres of influence.” Wealthy people took over their country and they didn’t have a say in it. They were forced to live under the rules of people with wealth. The financial crisis exposed them to foreign domination. Unequal distribution of wealth was still holding back full development.

Emiliano Zapata was an important leader of the Mexican Revolution he wrote the document called Plan de Ayala. In the document, Zapata denounced President Francisco Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals, embodied in Madero’s Plan de San Luis Potosi, and set out his vision of land reform. Therefore, in the article Emiliano Zapata: The Plan de Ayala, November 28, 1911 says, “propositions which we have formulated to end the tyranny which oppresses us and redeem the fatherland from the dictatorships which are imposed on us.” Zapata goes on and shows propositions that can help liberate his people. It is the manifesto of the Zapatista rebellion after its break with the initiator of the Revolution, Francisco I. Madero.

In addition to condemning the ‘betrayal’ of the most conciliatory Madero, the Ayala Plan sets out the objectives of the agrarian rebellion of the Zapatistas: restitution of usurped lands to the villages during the Porfiriato and agrarian distribution of part of the lands of the large landowners, prior compensation. The Zapatista peasants, based in the state of Morelos, in the south of the country, would claim these rights with arms, continuing the rebellion initiated but not concluded by Madero.

February 5th 1917 Mexico adopted its current constitution. Porfirio Diaz in 1876 was a general in the Mexican army, seized control of Mexico through a coup, having previously failed in an attempt to lead a nationwide rebellion at the end of 1871. Diaz ruled Mexico for the next thirty five years, his regime bringing stability after decades of intra conflict and invasion by the French. Diaz’s rule was cronyistic and repressive many people didn’t like the way he did things, people rebelled so he had to overthrow his presidency. The constitution of Mexico was ratified on the 5th of February 1917, and bought in, amongst other things, protection for workers, limitations on the Catholic Church, and free education for all. In the article, 1917 Constitution of Mexico talks about all the rights the people have and are able to be free from those in power who harmed them physically and mentally. It granted greater executive power at the expense of the legislature.

Immediate effects of the revolutions included freedom and independence for the people of the liberated countries. However, in the long term, poor governance of the liberated countries led to instability and increasing poverty in those areas. Nationalism and Development in this article it states, “An articulate spokesperson for developmental nationalism, he boldly asked in 1959, “Why Nationalism?” and then proceeded to offer a convincing response.” Alberto Torres asked why choose to torture your own people when we can uplift eachother and build a strong community and country respecting each others ideologies. The Quest for Economic Development this article shows how the concept of economic and development is related but has different aspects. The quest for economic growth and development is so complicated because a country cannot follow a single policy for attaining growth and development.

Bill of Rights of the Workers, the Bill of Rights helped so many workers and have the right to benefit from the resources that were given. Juan Peron was arguably the most powerful political personality the Western world has produced since the Second World War in Argentina he was a legend long before he returned from exile. He generated a fanatical support among the great majority of Argentines who had boundaries faith in him and his abilities. He helped workers that were overworked but not were not paid enough.

Nationalism is an ideology that people in power use to overrule people that are “below” them. It clouds people’s judgment it doesn’t let people live their true self and have to live by a set of governing rules that may not apply to them cold heartedly. Latin America went through horrific and celebratory moments due to that ideology. In conclusion, nationalism was Latin America’s predominant ideology as a result of fundamental economic and social changes that altered everyone’s life.

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