Water Conservation: Iot Based Water Monitoring And Alerting System

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Abstract:

The goal of this project is to implement a product to help the charging system for Indian urban household water consumption. The project involves a water flow sensor to provide an unconcerned solution for calculating and tracking water usage with ATMEGA-328 micro-controller, which generates and transmits SMS at the end of each month. Alternatively, we can monitor the water usage in BLYNK mobile app.

Keywords: Microcontroller, ATMEGA-328, BLYNK, Consumption.

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I. Introduction:

Through building consists of a single Analog water meter in the current water billing system and, regardless of the amount of water used, the overall bill is always divided into the entire property. Our system can be set up cost-efficiently in each room. And many devices used in the process include both the Analog (mechanical) and the digital meters, but the two meters do not make it easy to read the values and to communicate them to the user on time, allowing the user to track the use every day and thus helps in future water use planning and thus in water conservation efforts.

At the moment, the user must wait for the end of a month to know how much his water is being used and the water bill is being used in detail, so the user can hardly access daily data. After that, it’s time to get the water bill because people come from the water and then send the bill. The bill is not an acceptable one. With timely notification of username and SMS on your mobile phone, the use of water can be regularly tracked via the free cloud platform and the total amount of water, our project aims to resolve most of these issues.

The goal cost about 2000 INR seems to be costly relative to commonly used mechanical water meters, but as this is an expense for once, it will probably save customers money because only what they are using will be accounted for. Mechanical water meters are ideal for corrosion because they are made of metal. with meters exposed to the outside world. For more circuitry and fewer mechanical parts, the system can be made fewer vulnerable to environmental changes because it has a broad range of workplace conditions. It is sent via SMS when consumed at the end of the month. An Android application is also designed to serve as a user interface to these functions.

II. Literature Survey:

According to the work of Ria Sood, Manjit Kaur and Hemant Lenka, they have contributed to the design and construction of an automated water flow meter.

Paper aimed at developing a low-cost flow meter model for calculating the flow rate through the irrigation pipeline. Kulkarni and Tim Farnham focused on identifying the significant problems associated with water treatment plants, such as leakage management, demand management, asset management and so on.

Early work on the optical water meter has been performed using a hall-effect sensor and a microcontroller. The computer was used for data collection and the offline method. Other researchers are developing the use of Zigbee Technology and GPRS-GSM technology for wireless communication.

The other development of the water flow meter is the use of a velocity meter coupled with ultrasonic sensors, which make it operate on two separate concepts and based on the Doppler effect. All have high costs, particularly in the maintaining of the system. The other development of the water flow meter is the use of a velocity meter combined with an ultrasonic sensor, which lets it work on two different principles based on the Doppler effect. They all have high costs, especially concerning the maintenance of the network.

This model has developed and implemented a network of wireless sensors for power, water and other devices. We have introduced a meter reading program based on IOT technology due to the difficulty of conventional metering such as error reading, inaccuracy, external factors affecting measuring. This program carries out tasks including calculation interpretation, bill delivery and notification.

III. Problem Statement:

In the existing water billing system, each building consists of one Analog water meter and the total bill amount is evenly distributed to each home in that building, regardless of the amount of water that the home consumes, our system is cost-effective enough to be installed in every household, on the floor. Also, many of the water systems used in the process are Analog (mechanical) and digital meters, yet do not allow the facility to read the values and communicate them to the user in good time, allowing the user to track the usage daily and therefore assisting with future water use planning and thus helping with water conservation measures.

IV. Suggested System:

The method for controlling the usage is the measurement of the inflow and outflow of the water. The water supplied by the Water Distribution Authority is stored in ground-floor reservoirs or overhead tanks and then distributed to the rest of the customers. This project would install flow measurement sensors at the input and then monitor the volume of water in the water reservoirs. The volume of water in the reservoir should have a net difference between the inflow and the outflow of water. As a result, the outflow can be calculated.

V. Program Design:

The system includes the use of a wide range of innovative technologies. Second, the use of high-density polyethene pipes requiring fewer joints makes the system more durable and prevents the loss of water from leakage.

Second, the use of the Automated Meter Reading system has led to the likelihood of an effective audit of water at any time and with a 100% accuracy.

This IoT-based automated water billing system consists of a digital water flow sensor that is used to measure the amount of water consumed more precisely than traditional analogue meters. Depending on the amount of water used, the bill is drawn up by the end of the month and a notice is sent to the registered customer. Around the same time, the particulars of this bill are displayed on the LCD wall, reducing delays in the process. Apps are made available to consumers where they can monitor the amount of water they use daily and even use the electronic bill payment system.

Node MCU with an onboard ESP8266 Microcontroller is used for this project. The tool has input/output ports. 5V, USB power source. The Water Flow Rate Meter used is centred on the Hall Effect Working Theory.

VI.Block Diagram:

Fig 1:- Block diagram of the proposed system

VII. Principle Of Working:

The schematic diagram of our concept is seen in the diagram above. Here we used the Node MCU based on the ESP8266 microcontroller since it consists of the built-in Wi-fi module and the water flow sensors are one on the dealer side and two on the customer side. The data is continuously submitted to the Blynk server and the customer can get the information from the Blynk android application and the 16 X 2 LCD is also used to view the amount of water consumed.

VIII. Methodology:

In this proposed method, we are not only calculating water usage and generating bills on that basis, but we are also monitoring for water leakage or waste and informing the authorities about this.

First, we attach a single water flow sensor at the outlet of the main water tank or reservoir, then one at each house inlet. The water usage of each house can be seen in the LCD monitor And these values are constantly updated to the Blynk server with the support of the ESP8266 wifi module, which has a constant power supply. And these values can also be seen in the Blynk application.

With the support of the code we use, we compare the flow of water from the main tank outlet and the accumulation of each house inlet, if there is any variation in these values, this means that there is some leakage or wastage of water in the pipes. As there would be a small excess of water in the pipes (water that is always present in the pipes), we are eliminating that amount of water from the difference values collected.

Water bills are released at the end of each month and the bill amount is sent to the owner via e-mail, mobile notification, and the owner can pay the bill amount online or offline. The balance of the bill is always still available in the Blynk app.

IX. Hardware Components:

1. Node MCU

The Node MCU-ESP8266 is a wifi-enabled microcontroller. It’s an open-source Io T platform. This small board helps microcontrollers to connect to a WiFi network and to render basic TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands. Node MCU applies to the firmware by default. Lua is the programming language used for the firmware.

The operating system and processor used with this is XTOS and ESP8266. It has a 128 KB memory and a 4 MB disk space. Power for the controller is supplied by USB.

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Fig 2:- Node MCU-ESP8266 module

2. Liquid Crystal Display LCD

Liquid Crystal Display LCD is a mixture of two layers of matter, solid and liquid. This is an electronic display module with a 16×2 LCD screen that states it has 16 characters for 2 rows. LCD uses crystal fluid to create a visible image.

This technology is used to display an image on a notebook or some other electronic device. This operates on the concept of blocking light rather than transmitting light and consists of 16 pins of which about 8 pins are input and also includes an additional input voltage pin of 5v.

This has a distinct advantage of having a low power consumption relative to an LED or a cathode ray tube.

Fig 3:- LCD pin description

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Fig 4:- Liquid Crystal Display

3. Water Flow Rate Sensor:

For this reason, water flow sensors are used. Water flow sensors are mounted at the water source or pipes to determine the flow rate of the water and to calculate the amount of water flowing through the pipe. The water flow rate is expressed as litres per hour or cubic meres.

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Fig 5:- Water flow rate sensor

4. Power Supply:

Fig 6:- 6V battery

5. Jumper Wires:

Fig 7:- Jumper wires

X. Software Requirements:

1. Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform framework (for Windows, Mac os, Linux) written in C and C++ functions. This is used to write and upload programs to Arduino consistent boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, to other product development boards.

2. Embedded C

Embedded C is a common term for a programming language written in C that is associated with a specific hardware architecture. Embedded C is a C-language extension with several extra header data. These header files can be modified from controller to controller.

3. Blynk Application For Android

Blynk has been planned for the Internet of Things. It can remotely monitor equipment, view sensor data, store data, visualize it, and do many other cool things.

Results:

Fig 8:- Screenshot of BLYNK mobile app.

This is a snapshot of the Blynk app. This screenshot illustrates the use of each home, the overall use and the difference in value. The monthly bill and the difference in consumption values are notified to the user through mobile prompts and e-mail alerts shown at the bottom of the screenshot.

XI. Future Enhancement:

In this proposal, we are just informing the authorities about the leakage of water in the pipes. In the further improvements, we can use a valve near the tank outlet to stop the flow of water in the pipes if water leakage is detected so that we can minimize the loss of water until the authorities come to repair the damaged pipeline.

XII. Conclusion:

As mentioned in this article, an automated water billing system based on IoT plays an increasingly important role in the conservation of water. The implementation of water conservation approaches and technologies that promote the conservation and management of water is, therefore, a field of increased importance. By investing in these technologies and systems now, cities will dramatically reduce consumption and ease the burden on our nation’s water supply.

The project explains the design and function of the Smart Energy Meter and how the Smart Energy Meter can be used for Automatic Meter Reading. In this age of technology, human growth is the most economical implementation.

References:

  1. Implementation of Automatic Water Meter Reading System Using Wireless Sensor Network Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2013.
  2. Yogendra P. Joshi, ” Implementation of GSM based water meter a step towards automation in billing system” volume 9, Issue 4, Ver.I (Jul-aug 2014), PP 01-04. In (IOSRJECE)
  3. M. K. B. M. N. Sangole, ‘Global System for Mobile Communications BASED PREPAID WATER CONTROL CIRCUIT SYSTEM FOR WATER METER,’ International Journal of Current Research, vol. Vol. 8, no. The issue,2, p. 4, February 2016.
  4. Raheja, D.K. (2017, 15 September). Automated Water Pump Motor-Controller. Retrieved from http://electronicsforu.com/electronicsprojects/automatic-water-pump-motorcontroller.
  5. Swagatam (2015, 4 July). Build This Simple Electronic Water Level Controller. Retrieved from http://www.brighthubengineering.com/consum er-appliances-electronics/68342-build-this simple-electronic-water-level-controller/.
  6. Al-Qatari S.A, Al-Ali A.R., “Microcontroller Based Automated Billing System”, Published in Industrial Automation and Control: Emerging Technologies, 1995.

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