Exploitation Of Wind And Solar Hybrid Control System

Abstract—

Wind and Solar Hybrid control system uses solar and wind energy as complementation, in order to use the meteorological resources more fully to minimize the shortage of energy power supply. It has numerous applications and some of its features are that it has no wiring and a easy construction. It provides for environmental protection and also aids in energy savings.

Keywords—solar energy, wind energy, solar-wind hybrid system, optimization

I. Introduction

“We know that the world is facing a threat of fast depletion of the fossil fuel reserves. Most of the present energy demand is met by fossil and nuclear power plants while a little part is met by renewable energy sources such as the wind, solar, biomass, geothermal etc. [1][2] As per the law of conservation of energy[1][2], “Energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form to another”. [1][2]Most of the research now is about [1][2] better and efficient management of energy. [1][2]The wind and solar power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth in the past 10 years [1][2] and [1][2]are one[1][2] of[1][2] the major [][2]pollution free sources of abundant power.”

Having a [1][2] high economic growth and over 17 percent of the world’s population, India is a significant consumer of energy resources. Despite the global financial crisis, India’s energy demand continues to rise[1][2]. [1][2]India is a consumer of[1][2] maximum energy in Residential, commercial and agricultural purposes in comparison to China, Japan, and Russia. Solar energy is is renewable, inexhaustible and environmental pollution free. Solar charged battery systems provide power supply for complete 24 hours a day[1][2] serving as an intermittent power supply. We should adopt a proper method in order to harness the technology for a specified geographical location.. [1][2] Solar energy is expected to be the most promising alternate source of energy[1][2].it has a huge immense prospect in future as it is a fixed renewable source and it cannot be exhausted.

Ⅱ. Wind Energy Conversion

The wind energy conversion system (WECS) consists of a turbine to capture the[6] kinetic energy in the wind, a drive train to speed up the rotational speed of the shaft[6]. Wind energy systems[6] equipped with doubly fed inductance generators (DFIGs) are the most[6] prevalent type [6]. Opportunity [6]of pitch control with an efficient T transmission of the power to the grid[6] has been made possible through active and reactive power control [6] .

Ⅲ. Solar Energy Conversion

When sunlight hits the semiconductor surface of a solar cell, electron is ejected and attracted towards the semiconductor material. This causes more negative in the N-type and more positive in the P-type semiconductors generating a higher flow of electricity. This is known as the Photovoltaic effect. The amount of current generated by a PV cell depends on its efficiency, its size and the intensity of sunlight striking the surface. The solar energy conversion system is analogous to that of the classical diode with a PN junction formed by the semiconductor material. As the light is absorbed by the junction, the junction absorbs light and the energy of absorbed photon is transferred to the electron-proton system of the material, creating charge carriers that are separated at the junction. The charge carriers in the junction region create a potential gradient, get accelerated under the electric field, and start to circulate as current through an external circuit.

Ⅳ. Hybrid Energy System

Wind and solar hybrid system is a control system in which we are using both renewable energy sources in order to ensure an uninterrupted power supply. It is a viable alternative in areas where wind velocity of 6m/s is available.It provides a stable power supply and is nonpolluting in nature. The main components of the Wind Solar hybrid system are as follows: wind aero generator and tower, solar photovoltaic panels, batteries, cables, charge controller and inverter. The components of the Wind Solar Hybrid System are a wind aero generator and tower, solar photovoltaic panels, batteries, cables.

[1][2]Renewable energy[1][2]sources such as photovoltaic system and wind power have an important role to play in order to save the situation. They[1][2] consist of a combination of renewable energy source such as wind generators, solar of charge batteries and provide power to meet the energy demand, considering the local geography and other details of the place of installation. These systems[1][2] have unique features that they[1][2] are not connected to the main utility grid. They are used in stand-alone applications and operate independently and reliably. The best application for these type of systems are in remote places[1][2] like[1][2] rural villages in telecommunications etc. The importance of hybrid systems[1][2] is growing at a faster rate [1][2]as they appear to be the right solution for a clean and distributed energy production[1][2].

fig: General setup

Ⅴ. Features Of Hybrid Energy System[1]

Solar-Wind hybrid Power system is the phenomenon of power generating system by windmill and solar energy panel. It includes a battery that is used to store the energy generated from the[1][2] source. Using this system power generation by windmill when wind source is available and generation from PV module when light radiation is available can be achieved[1][2]. Both units can be used to generate [1][2]power when both sources are available. A [1][2]battery is used in order to provide the supply when the solar energy is not available during the nighttime and thus is used to ensure the supply.

VI. Implementation Of Hybrid System

When the sunlight hits the semiconductor surface of a solar cell, electron springs up and are attracted towards the N type semiconductor material. This will cause more negatives in the N-type and more positives in the P-type semiconductors generating a higher flow of electricity. This is known as the Photovoltaic effect. The amount of current generated by a PV cell depends on its efficiency (type of PV cell) its size (surface area) and the intensity of sunlight striking the surface. The solar energy conversion system or the physical of

PV cell is very similar to that of the classical diode with a PN junction formed by the semiconductor material. When the junction absorbs light, the energy of absorbed photon is transferred to the electron-proton system of the material, creating charge carriers that are separated at the junction. The charge carriers in the junction region create a potential gradient, get accelerated under the electric field, and circulate as current through an external circuit

Energy Hybrid System

Intermittent energy resources and energy resources unbalanced are[1][2] one of [1][2]the most important reason to install a hybrid energy supply system. The Solar PV wind hybrid system [1]is suited [1][2]to conditions where sunlight and wind has seasonal shifts.[2] As the wind does not blow throughout the day and the sun does not shine for the entire day, using a single source will not be a suitable choice. A hybrid arrangement of combining the power harnessed from both the wind and the sun and stored in a battery[1][2] is [1][2]a much more reliable and realistic power source[1][2]. This is where [1][2]the wind turbine comes into the picture [1][2]and [1][2]the main feature being its cheap cost as compared to the PV cells[1][2]. The [1][2]system[1][2] components are as follows:

[image: image1.png]

Fig: Solar- wind hybrid system

1. Photovoltaic solar power

Solar panels are the medium to convert solar energy into the electrical energy. Solar panels convert the energy directly or heat the water with the induced energy[4]. They are made up from semiconductor structures as in the computer technologies[1][2]. Absorption of [1][2]sun rays [1][2]was done[1][2] with this material and electrons are emitted from the atoms[1][2] .The ]release activates a current[1][2] and ]photovoltaic is known as the process between radiation absorbed and the electricity induced[1][2].

2. Wind Power[1]

“The wind energy [1] is[1] a renewable source of energy. Wind turbines are used to convert wind power into electric power. An electric generator inside the turbine is used to convert[1][2] the mechanical power into the electric power. Wind turbine systems are available ranging from 50W to 3-4 MW. The energy production by wind turbines depends on the wind velocity acting on the turbine[1][2].

3. Batteries[1]

[1][2]The batteries in the system provide to store the electricity that is generated from wind or solar power. Any required capacity can be obtained by serial or parallel connections of batteries. The battery that provides the most advantageous operation in the solar and wind power systems are a maintenance-free dry type and it utilizes special electrolytes. These batteries provide perfect performance for long discharges [1][2].

4. Inverter[1]

Energy stored in the battery is drawn by [1][2]electrical loads through the inverter which DC power into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for short-circuit, reverse polarity and low voltage battery mechanisms[1][2].

5. Microcontroller[1]

The microcontroller compares the input of both Power system and gives the signal to a particular relay and charges the DC Battery [1][2]. The DC voltage is converted into AC Supply by[1][2] the use of Inverter Circuit. The MOSFET is connected to the secondary of the Centre tapped transformer. The current flow in the Primary winding is also alternative in nature and we get the AC supply in the primary winding of the transformer [1][2].By triggering of MOSFET alternatively, the current flow in the Primary winding is also alternative in nature and we get the AC supply in the primary winding of the transformer.

Ⅶ. Requirements of the wind-solar hybrid system

Meteorological data: – Meteorological analysis is done for optimization process. It is very important for the total utilization of PV as well as wind sources. Measurement of the solar and wind resources data is main input of the hybrid system. Data should be measured hourly, daily as per weather or climate change.

Load Demand: – It is a necessary part of system to design and to analyze its various components.It is very difficult to decide about all the exact parameters of the configuration. Load variation for different seasons is not predictable and as a result the system have to be designed for nearer, more than load demand to full fill all the requirements.

System Configuration: – After studying all the data like solar radiation, wind speed and load demand proper selection of equipment’s have to be made. Sizing of the system needs to be according to the environmental conditions.

Ⅷ. Implementation of the wind-solar hybrid system

The hardware of Solar PV Wind hybrid energy system is implemented and the output is fed to the load . The current and voltage values from the wind turbine, battery group and load [1][2]can be[1][2] measured in the implemented system.

Solar and wind hybrid power specifications are given below:

PV Array Power = 20 watts

Wind turbine/generator = 3 W

System Voltage = 48V

Battery=12V

Inverter Rating (VA) 25

Output Ac [1][2]Frequency, Hertz +/-0.5 % = 50 Hz.

[image: image2.png] Fig: Experimental setup

Ⅸ. Conclusion

The wind and solar hybrid is a new alternative strategy to provide uninterrupted power supply to remote villages in India and reduce the problem of electricity scarcity in India.

It reduces the dependence on one single source and has increased the reliability[1][2] of electric supply.

Ⅹ. Future Work And Innovation

A 41 MW solar photovoltaic, wind, and battery storage hybrid plant is currently built in India. The project is started in Andhra Pradesh and thus we can take the concept of wind.

Solar hybrid system to an expanded level by taking incentives from the government and its proper setup mechanisms can be installed in various parts of the country. It can serve as a major source of electricity in the near future.

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