Electric Car: Development And Environmental Aspects

This report discusses electric cars, what is their history, the reasons for stopping production at the beginning, and how it developed until it reached what it is today. Also, I will answer a question electric car is his friend for the environment or not. Finally, I will explain what the plans for developers for electric cars will be.

1. Introduction

An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. The first appearance of electric cars was in the 1880s. Electric cars spread in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Since 2008, the electric car market has risen due to the advance in batteries, and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve urban air quality.

2. History

The invention of the first model of the electric car was attributed to more than one person. In 1828, Annoys Jedlik invented a prime type of electric motor and created the small prototype car powered by the new engine. Between the years 1832 and 1839, Scot Robert built a vehicle that runs on raw electric power and is not rechargeable. In November 1881, Gustave Trouvé presented an electric car at the Exposition International electricity de Paris. In 1884, over 20 years before the Ford Model T, Thomas Parker built a practical production electric in Wolverhampton using his own specially designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries, although the only documentation is a photograph from 1895. The Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 was designed by German inventor Andreas Flocken and is considered the primary real electric. Electric cars were among the well-liked methods for automobile propulsion within the late 19th century and early 20th century, providing A level of comfort and simple operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. The electric vehicle stock peaked at approximately 30,000 vehicles at the turn of the 20th century. In 1897, electric cars were first used as taxis in Britain and the United States.

3. Development

While the development of the internal combustion car, which runs on gasoline, has progressed rapidly during the past century, there has been a backward development in electric cars. Scales have changed due to invention of the transistor during the 1940s, as one of the companies started in 1947 in producing the first car powered by electricity and using a transistor managed to produce the car called Heeney Kilowatt.

Despite the success of that electric car, it turned out to be a high price compared to the car that runs on gasoline or diesel, and it ended in 1961 because the sales required were not achieved. After the failure of past years, electric cars now constitute more than 9 million cars worldwide.

4. Environmental Aspects

Although electric cars have some disadvantages, they are more environmentally friendly than any car model runs on gasoline or diesel, as much research on electric cars is more efficient, it produces less harmful emissions, even if we add to that that is produces by stations generating Electricity. Depending on the assembly process and therefore the source of the electricity to charge the vehicle, emissions could also be partly shifted from cities to the fabric transportation, production plants and generation plants. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted depends on the emissions of the electricity source, and the efficiency of the vehicle. For electricity from the grid, the emissions vary significantly counting on your region, the supply of renewable sources and therefore the efficiency of the fossil fuel-based generation used.

4.1 Recycle electric car batteries

For an electric car powered by renewable energy, the carbon dioxide emissions it produces during its operating time are six times less than a gasoline car. These results underscore the need for countries to focus on ways to produce electricity, for the electric vehicle to be more efficient.

5. Controls

As of 2018, most electric cars have similar driving controls thereto of a car with a standard automatic drive. Even though the motor could also be permanently connected to the wheels through a fixed-ratio gear and no parking pawl could also be present, the modes ‘P’ and ‘N’ are often still provided on the selector. In this case, the motor is disabled in ‘N’ and an electrically actuated emergency provides the ‘P’ mode. In some cars, the motor will spin slowly to supply a little amount of sneak in ‘D’, almost like a standard automatic. When an indoor combustion vehicle’s accelerator is released, it’s going to slow by engine braking counting on the sort of transmission, and mode. An EV would coast when the accelerator is similarly released, but it may be equipped with regenerative braking that mimics a familiar response of slowing the vehicle and also recharging the battery to an extent. Regenerative braking systems also decrease the use of the conventional brakes similarly as engine braking would in an internal combustion vehicle, reducing brake wear and maintenance costs.

6. Safety

EVs must undergo an equivalent rigorous safety testing and meet equivalent safety standards required for conventional vehicles sold within us also as EV-specific standards for limiting chemical spillage from batteries, securing batteries during a crash, and isolating the chassis from the high-voltage system to stop electric shock. Also, EVs tend to have a lower center of gravity than conventional vehicles, making them less likely to roll over and often improving ride quality.

6.1 Risk of Fire

Car accidents associated with combustion engines carry an opportunity to explode because of the inflammable materials inside the engine after an accident, God forbid, and despite the technology of stopping the engine that has become present in most of the current cars that run on fuel, the opportunity to leak flammable materials, such as car fuel or Engine oil, or different oils, may cause severe damage to the driver, passengers, and those around them.

Electric cars are characterized as completely free from any flammable materials, as they operate on an electric motor that derives its power from completely isolated batteries, and even in the event of an accident, God forbid, it is impossible to start any fires or explosions, which increases the safety factor of the driver and passengers, As well as ways to safety in the car.

7. Batteries

According to a study conducted by the Cox Automotive Center for Studies in Electric Cars, 46% of those interested in buying electric cars are more intimidated about this by the shelf life of the batteries, as this percentage of consumers fear that the battery life of their electric cars will reach 65,000 thousand miles as a minimum consumption. This is due to the high cost of replacing the electric car batteries in general, for example, the cost of replacing the Chevrolet Bolt battery is $ 15,000 for the new battery. The electric car battery differs from the power batteries intended for conventional cars, it is made of lithium-ion and is similar to the batteries of mobile phones and tablets.Electric car batteries also distinguish their ability to conserve the energy stored in them when not in use, by not leaking this energy.

7.1 Range

The range of an electrical car depends on the amount and sort of batteries used, and like all vehicles, the load and sort of auto, performance requirements, and therefore the weather. As for the ideal battery life, the site set an example of the Tesla Model S, which was confirmed by a study conducted by the Center Plug In America, which specializes in the study of electric cars, that Tesla Model S batteries start leaking up to 5% of their energy despite being fully charged, after the arrival of the car The average battery consumption after 50 thousand miles. In total, another study conducted by the Center for Consumer Care in the United States revealed that electric car batteries of various brands are supposed to bear consumption up to 100 thousand miles before noticing a massive leak in their energy despite charging, and it may reach to continue to work up to 200,000 thousand miles, equivalent to 17 years From consumption, in this case, it is necessary to change the batteries.

7.2 Charging

Electric cars are typically charged overnight from a charging station installed in the owner’s house, or from faster-charging stations found in businesses and public areas. BYD e6 can recharge to 80% in 15 minutes compared to fossil fuel vehicles, the need for charging using public infrastructure is diminished because of the opportunities for home charging; vehicles can be plugged in and begin each day with a full charge, assuming the home charging station can charge quickly enough. An overnight charge of 8 hours employing a 120-volt AC outlet will provide around 65 km (40 miles) of range, while a 240-volt AC outlet will provide approximately 290 km (180 miles). Most new EVs will use the sort 2 standard for charging, with a kind 2 CCS inlet fitted to permit rapid charging. This is fast becoming the most common charging standard, with the Type 1 inlet found predominantly on older models. Rapid charging is split between CHAdeMO and CCS standards, again with the latter becoming increasingly popular. However, considering the two biggest selling plug-in vehicles in the UK use CHAdeMO inlets, it will take longer for the switch-over to take place. What many potential EV buyers don’t realize is that cars allow charging at different rates. There are on-board chargers or maximum charging rates accepted, which mean that for instance, whilst you’ll connect a car that will charge at 7 kW to a 22-kW charge point, it’ll still only draw a maximum of seven kW. Many plug-in hybrids are unable to rapid charge too, and EVs will offer different rapid capabilities depending on the model.

8. Quiet

Electricity cars are considered one among the quietest sorts of cars because there’s no engine thereon, like gasoline and diesel engines. It contains batteries and a system, one is forward and another one backward, due to this, it’s more quiet than other sorts of cars. Well, this is often what has some people worried. When EVs are travelling at low speeds (below 30 km/h) they’re virtually silent. This presents a drag to pedestrians, cyclists, and construction/city workers whose jobs take them on the brink of busy streets. We are wont to not only trying to find vehicles before crossing the road but also listening for them. consistent with a report from 2015, pedestrians are 40 per cent more likely to be hit by a hybrid or electric than by one with a gas or diesel within the UK. For people who are visually impaired, the quiet hum of an EV is often even more of a problem. Governments have noticed this issue, and a few have begun to tackle the matter.

9. EV Plans From Major Manufacturers

The electric-vehicle market made big gains in 2019, across multiple car manufacturers — and therefore the industry has even bigger plans for the years to return. Rivian, for example, closed out the year with an extra $1.3 billion in investments. Tesla turned a profit, debuted the Cybertruck, delivered the first Model 3s built in its Shanghai plant,

and announced a boosted range on its Model S and Model X. On the luxury end of the spectrum, the Audi E-Tron went up for sale, Porsche started production on the Taycan performance car, and Lamborghini announced its first hybrid supercar.

While plenty of tangible EV-related developments happened in 2019, it was also a year of promises made. As of late last year, auto manufacturers had pledged to spend a total of $225 billion developing new EVs in the near future, via The Wall Street Journal. Increasingly restrictive emissions and fuel-efficiency regulations around the globe — but not so much in the US — are compelling carmakers to roll out vehicles more able to fit within those restrictions. Accordingly, in recent years, manufacturers have advertised a whirlwind of plans and timelines for bringing more EVs to market.

10. Conclusion

In light of the rapid development of the auto industry and the production of environmentally friendly cars that work on electricity instead of petroleum derivatives, cars that run on electricity have been produced, as electric cars have many advantages and this is what distinguishes them from other conventional cars, and in what comes to these features: Electric vehicle can be charged at home without the need for a gas station or charging stations for these cars. The distance covered by a single charge: where the new electric car can travel 200 kilometers per charge, and some hybrid cars can travel from 40-80 km on electricity, and the distance that the electric car travels depends on the size of the battery, the weight of the car, the temperature in addition to the driving style The driver of the car. The cost of charging the electric car: The cost of charging the electric car at charging stations is less than the cost of gasoline cars, as the average annual charge of the electric car is $ 530, while the average fuel filling is approximately $ 2500 per year.